The Evolution of Banking in Sierra Leone - 1586 Words

INSTITUE OF PUBLIC ADMINSTRATION AND MANAGEMENT/ UNIVERSITY OF SIERRE LEONE MODULE: FINANCIAL REGULATION AND PRACTICES COURSE: BSC (HONS) FINANCIAL SERVICES (YEAR 4) ASSIGNMENT: DISCUSS THE EVOLUTION OF BANKING IN SIERRA LEONE NAME: MOHAMED KHALIL KOROMA REG: 4606 NAME OF LECTURER: MR N’JAI CONTENT 1. Introduction 2.1 Adam Smith and Modern Banking 2. Overview of Sierra Leone banking 3. Our Perception of Banking in Sierra Leone 4. Conclusion INTRODUCTION Mankind has always been seeking security and protection. This need has led him to scientific and tecological development on one hand and banking development on the other. In modern times the banking has become so necessary that†¦show more content†¦The enabling legislation was passed on the 27 of March. The Bank of Sierra Leone was established in 1963, is the central bank of issue .the Banking Acts of 1964 provides for the regulations of commercial banks by the central bank, including the control of money supply. Poor revenue collection ,failure to control expenditure and heavy debt servicing requirements as a result of past borrowing characterized government finances in the 1980s and early 1990s. It is responsible by charter for the oversight of the country’s banks and advising the government on financial matters, management of domestic and foreign debts and maintaining of foreign exchange reserve. Despite the since independence Sierra Leone ‘economy has been characterized by financially disadvantageous exchange rate and government budget deficits which led to sizable deficit balance to payment deficit and inflation. Also IMF has been making numerous interventions to savage this situation. In the 1990s, there were six commercials banks operating in the country. Standard chartered Bank and Barclays bank of Sierra Leone areShow MoreRelatedFactors Influencing The International Expansion Of Nigerian Banks6650 Words   |  27 PagesAs discussed earlier, research on the internationalisation of Nigerian firm’s is still under-explored and scant in the literature. In fact, few studies have research internationalisation phenomenon have studied it on the perspective of the banking sector (Amungo in Adeleye, White, Boso, 2016, pp. 69-91), â€Å"examining the factors influencing the international expansion of Nigerian banks† finds that Nigerian banks internationalisation is influenced by home country regulations and the domestic competitiveRead MoreThis Section Analyses The Internationalisation Process5493 Words   |  22 Pagesfirm could grow from being a local bank to an international bank (e) Beta is major player in the Nigerian banking sector ( F) Beta inter nationalisation process fails within the defined criteria for this study. 3.2 An Overview of Nigerian banking sector The Nigerian banking sector is regarded as one of the oldest sectors in the country’s history which date back to 1892 when African Banking Corporations was established. By 1894 the now First Bank of Nigeria has established the Bank of British WestRead MoreThe Internationalisation Process Of Emerging Market Multinationals7790 Words   |  32 Pagesstudies that will stimulate the internationalisation business research and policy debate should become a research focus (Adeleye, White, Boso, 2016). Previous studies on the internationalisation process of Nigerian firms have focused mainly on the banking sector (Boojihawon Acholonu, 2013; Amungo in Adeleye et al 2016 p: 69-98). A gap exists in the literature that has failed to study the internationalisation process of Nigerian firms from different sectors in terms of their motivation and patternsRead MoreIndividual Case Analysis And Presentation Essay9535 Words   |  39 PagesBDM Banking Case firm 3 CCR Insurance Case Firm 4 DET Technology Case firm 5 ENA Manufacturing Case firm 6 FCW Technology Case Firm 7 GAB Transport and Logistics 3. Case firm 1: â€Å"ADG† 2.2 2.1 Case Firm â€Å"ADG† Introduction The section focuses on mainly on the analysis and discussion on the internationalisation process of case firm 1 â€Å"ADG†. â€Å"ADG â€Å" has become one of the largest Nigerian company and also one of the most internationalised firms in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The firm’s evolution, expansionRead MoreIndividual Case Analysis And Presentation Essay9286 Words   |  38 Pagesfirm 1 ADG Industry Case firm 2 BDM Banking Case firm 3 CCR Insurance Case firm 4 FCW Technology 2. Case firm 1: â€Å"ADG† 2.1 Introduction The section focuses on mainly on the analysis and discussion on the internationalisation process of case firm 1 â€Å"ADG† expansion and internationalisation. The case firm 1 â€Å"ADG â€Å" has become one of the largest Nigerian company and also one of the most internationalized firms in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The firm’s evolution, expansion and internationalisationRead MoreImpact of Public Debt Burden on Economic Growth of Bangladesh: a Var Approach5077 Words   |  21 Pagesdone using the Vector Auto-regressive model, to identify the impact of public debt burden on the economic growth of the country. Fosu (1996) investigated the debt overhang hypothesis by studying 13 severely indebted countries- Zambia, Venezuela, Sierra Leone, Philippines, Peru, Morocco, Mexico, Kenya, Honduras, Egypt, Ivory Coast, Argentina and Algeria. The sample period was 1971 to 1991 and the author used OLS estimation method for panel data. The author found the negative and robust relationshipRead MoreAfghanistan Fiscal Policy9790 Words   |  40 Pages............................................ 8 II. Banking Sector Developments in Afghanistan ........................................................................ 12 A. Overview...................................................................................................................... 12 B. Recent Developments in the Financial Sector ............................................................. 12 C. Financial Status of the Banking Sector ...........................................Read MoreUK - Analysis Report31935 Words   |  128 Pagesloca tion PESTLE analysis Summary Political analysis Economic analysis Social analysis Technology analysis Legal analysis Environmental analysis Political landscape Summary Evolution Structure and policies Performance Outlook Economic landscape Summary Evolution Structure and policies Performance Outlook Social landscape Summary Evolution Structure and policies Performance 1 1 1 9 9 10 11 11 12 15 19 22 25 28 30 30 30 33 38 39 40 40 40 41 44 54 56 56 56 57 61 United Kingdom: Country Analysis Report –Read MoreInflation Cause, Effects and Remedies11309 Words   |  46 Pagesexogenous in the short run, and so the formula does not ) to the 9 necessarily imply a stable short-run relationship between the money supply and nominal output. However, in the long run, changes in velocity are assumed to be determined by the evolution of the payments mechanism. If velocity is relatively unaffected by monetary policy, the long-run rate of increase in prices (the inflation rate) is equal to the long run growth rate of the money supply plus the exogenous long-run rate of velocityRead MoreThe Accounting Profession and Nat39077 Words   |  157 PagesIn this maiden edition of The Journal of Accounting we try to grapple with the following issues: The Effect of Audit on Corporate Sustainability, Growth and Development; Accounting and Nation Building; The Role of Accountants in the Attainment of Banking Sector Consolidation Objectives in Nigeria; The Use of Ratios in Financial Analysis and Prediction of Financial Crisis; The Relationship and Problems of Auditors in a Joint Audit Exercise: A Survey of Ten Audit Companies in Nigeria; Acco untants Role

Domestic Violence And The Civil Rights Movement - 1998 Words

Women have been active since the beginning of the early 1800’s and struggle until today’s day, to fight for equality. There were two women movement waves. The first wave was focused on the equality of the women by working on voting rights. The second wave from 1963 to 1982 concentrated on social issues. As in â€Å"Collective Action for Social Change†, Aaron Schutz and Marie Sandy stated in their book â€Å"women were tired of being second class citizens†. The civil rights movement spillover inspired women to create social movements by acting and building organizations focused on the issues that affected the women. The social issues were child care, domestic violence, contraception, and women’s health. One of the major topics that the feminists focused on was domestic violence that still exists in today’s day worldwide. Domestic violence is an important issue because many believe that it’s only a male-to-female action but it’s a lso female-to-male abuse. In addition, many assume that domestic violence is only a physical act but there are other forms of abuse such as psychological, sexual, financial and emotional. John Hamel, a licensed clinical social worker and editor of the journal Partner Abuse said, â€Å"A lot of people don’t see domestic violence in the home as a crime, so they tend to downplay it.† Because many follow this ideology women would be brutally beaten. In addition, men are seen as the head of the household because he provides the basic needs for his family, putting him inShow MoreRelatedKnowing Our History Is Vital To Pursuing Our Future. Our1245 Words   |  5 Pagesthe violence. Violence against women has been sanctioned throughout history. We need to know the struggles of those who came before us. By knowing our history we honor their spirits, we keep the flame of justice alive and it brings us to the stark reality that we have much work still to do. History of the Battered Women’s Movement 753 BC During the reign of Romulus in Rome, wife beating is accepted and condoned under The Laws of Chastisement. Under these laws, the husband has absolute rights to physicallyRead More Violence Against Women Act of 1994 Essay1391 Words   |  6 PagesFor centuries domestic violence has been perceived as a private matter private of which the government has not been concerned about nor was it considered the government’s business to intervene on behalf of a battered spouse. The unlawful nature of this failure for state or federal government intervention against this crime contributed to the systematic abuse of women in the family. The traditions, customs, and common law found in both British and American societies continued right up until the lastRead MoreThe Struggles Of Women s Equality803 Words   |  4 PagesHistorically, women had to fight for their rights to vote and the right to gain economic or personal independence like men. Women have been subjected to unequal treatment an d discrimination regardless of their race, culture or socioeconomic status. From birth boys and girls, male and female are expected by society to play certain roles based on gender, religions and other beliefs. Gender stereotypes have enforced the difference between men and women, it labels women as weak, submissive, they shouldRead MoreTerrorism Is A Modern Political And Economic Topic On America1376 Words   |  6 PagesTerrorism has become a modern political and economic topic in America. It is the existence of Terrorists attacks in America that has changed the way people travels both domestic and foreign and also now viewed as an issue and conflicts that exist within the nation’s borders and domestically (Shemella, 373 ). The United States has since be a country with ideal ability to protect the many citizens from attacks and live in peace, but the infiltration of terrorist has kept a change in Americans heartRead MoreDomestic Violence And Public Violence Essay1231 Word s   |  5 Pagesmillion people in the United States are affected by domestic violence. There are 8.8 million children who will witness domestic violence. Half of all victims of domestic violence will also experience the unimaginable pain of their child/children being abused alongside them. The fact is, domestic violence will affect or touch every person in their lifetime (Pence McMahon, 1999). There are many ground-breaking advocates of reducing domestic violence, though one stands out above the others. EllenRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Help832 Words   |  4 Pagesgender discrimination right in the middle of the civil rights movement. The story line of The Help is about a young women named Skeeter, who aspires to be big New York City writer. She get a job at a local news paper and on the side decided to secretly interview the black maids (The Help) about their different stories, experiences, and thoughts about white people. There are many events that accused in the Civil Rights movement that were portrayed in this movie. There was domestic services, African-AmericanRead MoreThe Violence Against Women Act914 Words   |  4 PagesPolitical Context Long before its enactment on September 13, 1994, the foundation for the Violence Against Women Act was being constructed. More than 140 years ago, members of the U.S. government were working to end the injustice of violence against women when, in 1871, Alabama was the first state to make it illegal for a man to beat his wife (U.S. Department of Justice, 2010). In 1967, one of the first domestic violence shelters in the country opened its doors in Maine; and from that time until 1994, progressRead MoreHow Domestic Violence Affects Children As Well As The Mental Health Of Its Victims1744 Words   |  7 Pagesextensive overview of the research topic. This chapter will provide a historical background on domestic violence, a historical perspective of the services provided and an overview of different forms of domestic violence. The goal of this literature review is to examine the statistical information that is presented as it relates to domestic violence. This literature review will a lso reveal how domestic violence affects children as well as the mental health of its victims. In addition, this chapter willRead MoreThe Second Wave Of Civil Rights Movement1080 Words   |  5 Pagesthe war ended they were terminated from their jobs and continued their domestic lives. Then the onset of CIvil Rights movement in between 1955 to 1960 where both black men and women were discriminated by the Whites had a large impact on the feminist movement. This movement in a way or another led to the beginning of fight by the activists in the Second Wave. Equality in work, access to abortion and sexual or domestic violence were the targeted issues of this wave. One of the most remarkable magazinesRead MoreWhat Is Walzer s Theory Of Aggression1318 Words   |  6 Pagesis Walzer’s â€Å"Theory of Aggression†? According to Michael Wazler, the theory of aggression implies to the ideologies of jus ad bellum as detailed in the international law. He uses domestic correlation as the basis of the theory by explaining how the rules that govern citizens apply to the international community. The rights that apply to the citizens are similar to those of the states. He argues that â€Å"Every violation of the territorial integrity or political sovereignty of an independent state is called

Analysis of Wilfred Owen’s Poetry Free Essays

Hieroglyphs of an unappreciated inspiration; the mirrors of the gigantic shadows which futurity casts upon the present; the words which express what they understand not; the trumpets which sing to battle, and feel not what they Inspire; the Influence which Is moved not, but moves. Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world. † (Percy Abysses Shelley) It seems that even though Wilfred Owen was not alive until many years after this quote that he embodied this quote about poets and their poetry. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of Wilfred Owen’s Poetry or any similar topic only for you Order Now Poetry throughout the ages has been one literary device that has neither changed nor conformed to the whims of society. Poetry has been a device to recount history, express emotion and bring about change; thus poets being agents of change. Wilfred Owen, a brilliant poet was amongst those who initiated anti-war writing amidst a country being fed propaganda. Owen brought attention to the harsh realities of war, rather than perpetuating societies’ ignorant delusions that war was heroic and adventurous. Owen was resolved to edify England on the actualities of war. By writing poetry that denied England’s teachings of noble warfare, Owen set an unprecedented example of exposing repressed truth to the public. Two of his most distinguished works, â€Å"Dulcet et Decorum est.† and â€Å"Anthem for Doomed Youth† will be analyses alongside Owens Life to prove the validity of this statement. The way In which Wilfred Owen was brought up was integral to his phenomenal poetry. He was birthed in the year 1893 in England and was a devout Christian throughout his years of boyhood. On October 21st 191 5, Owen enlisted into the army and nearly a year later was commissioned as a second lieutenant. Owen had been born into England at a time where war was what men did for adventure, it was honorable, a transition room boyhood to manhood some might have called it. What Owen witnessed was anything but what was advertised by his country and felt deeply betrayed and deceived. Owen suffered through a series of traumatic events such as falling Into a shell-hole and sustaining concussion and also blown Into the air by a trench mortar that left him Incapacitated on an embankment beside the remains of another officer. This led to Owen being diagnosed with shell shock and post- traumatic stress disorder. To overcome the PATS Owen suffered, he was encouraged by Siegfried Swanson to write about the horrors of war. Owen, haunted by his own memories dedicated his writing on the pure physical, moral and psychological horrors of war, not to commemorate the subject but to educate and warn those that were full with propaganda influenced beliefs. Owen bravely defied the socio-cultural context he was brought up in and stood in contrast to the public perception of what war was in order to stop the travail of future soldiers. Owens Christian beliefs and what he witnessed during the war lent to the brilliance of one of his poems that sought to change society view on war. â€Å"Anthem for Doomed Youth,† solemnly discusses the death of a young soldier and contrasts a normal funeral to the send -off that people who died fighting receive. Owen shows his Dallas for the treatment of soldiers Immediately through the title. The word Anthem suggests a celebratory song, In relation to the words Doomed Youth it is evident that Owen believes the deaths of amortized by commemoration. Owen structures his poem very similar to a sonnet with iambic pentameter; having 14 lines and mostly abides by the 10 syllable per line. In order to create effect, Owen occasionally strays from the 10 syllable line by ongoing over at some points and under at others. In combination with the unusual rhyming scheme the poem contains, the reader is set on edge and made to feel uncomfortable. Owen incorporates language that identifies the time period in which he lived, words such as â€Å"orisons,† â€Å"shires,† and â€Å"pallor† are indicative of this. A sense of instability is constructed through Owens use of alliteration and vivid aesthetics; the lines â€Å"rifles’ rapid rattle† and â€Å"demented choirs of wailing shells† give the reader insight into the chaos of war. By initiating slowly, Owen has allowed the poem to lid Just like war, but begins to end the poem with a slower pace with the line â€Å"And each slow dusk, a drawing down of blinds,† this being significant to the death of the soldier and his last heartbeats. Owen constructs images of religion and contrasts them with descriptions of war and death. Juxtaposing the tolling of bells with gunshots and death, Owen has effectively placed the reader in divine warfare. The overarching message is that Owen believed that soldiers did not receive a proper and respectful burial. Owen was wholly unsatisfied with how the deaths of young oldie’s were celebrated in public, rather than mourned. â€Å"Dulcet et decorum est. pro patria mort,† it is sweet and fitting to die for one’s country, the final line of possibly the most significant of Owens works. Dulcet et Decorum est.,† allied itself with anti- war thinking and promoters, thus becoming extremely popular and influential on society. â€Å"Dulcet et Decorum est.† describes the story of an English soldier whose squadron was attacked by the enemy and the soldier watches a fellow veteran die violently. Through Owens creative genius the reader of â€Å"Dulcet et Decorum est.† is blew to witness how the soldier is endlessly haunted by the death and bomba rded by nightmares. Towards the end of the poem, the soldier queries how his country can support and promote such despair and anguish. Owen portrays his belief that his country should stop endorsing war, he was of the opinion that no one should ever have to undergo the horrors he had witnessed. Owen promotes this idea through the last stanza of his poem. The narrator speaks to the reader and tells them that had they witnessed what he had, they would not be willing to die for their country in what was called an honorable way. To place the reader into a context of war, Owen uses intense imagery such as the line, â€Å"Of vile, incurable sores on innocent tongues† and also incorporates the use of similes, â€Å"as under a green sea I saw him drowning. Owen has effectively created a feeling of discomfort and angst by incorporating techniques such as simile, metaphor and extremely vivid aesthetics. Owen sets the scene and describes the soldiers as being â€Å"bent double, like old beggars under sacks,† this depicts the dissatisfaction Owen had with war. The famous poet highlights one of society’s ma in faults: the glorification of war. He does this by combining elements of poetry in a frightening manner, such as the combination of slow lines, followed by â€Å"Gas! GAS! Quick boys! By straying from the structure of the iambic pentameter occasionally, Owen puts emphasis on particular lines pertaining to the nightmares of the soldier, â€Å"In all my dreams, before me helpless sight/ He plunges at me, guttering, choking, drowning. † Owen adds authority to his text by Latin phrase Dulcet et decorum est. pro patria moor from an ancient text, Owen has effectively shown that society continues to perpetuate the idea that war is honorable. As a soldier and as a poet, Owen had the authority to comment on the atrocities of war. By using the literary device of poetry, Owen was able to speak that which was not to be spoken and voiced the thoughts of fallen soldier. His establishment of anti – war ideas allowed society to break free from the constrains of propaganda and come to the realization that war was not glorious, honorable nor adventurous. Regardless of the fact that world – wide change did not come about immediately, Owen was able to set precedent for other authors and organizations. He lit a fire in the depths of passionate hearts and inspired other anti – war poets such s Mimics Radiation. How to cite Analysis of Wilfred Owen’s Poetry, Papers

Brave new world2 Essay Example For Students

Brave new world2 Essay The Loss of Individuality The peak of a writers career should exhibit their most profound works of literature. In the case of Aldous Huxley, Brave New World is by far his most renowned novel. Aldous Huxley is a European-born writer who, in the midst of his career, moved to the United States and settled in California. While in California, he began to have visions aided by his usage of hallucinatory drugs. His visions were of a utopian society surviving here on earth. In his literature, Huxley wanted to make this utopian society as much a reality as possible. In framing an ideal we may assume what we wish, but should avoid impossibilities. This quote, written by Aristotle, perfectly describes Huxleys attitude towards the creation of his imaginary utopia. His only problem was establishing a value system that would not seem too unattainable. Huxley has two novels that have the theme of utopia, Brave New World and Island. Brave New World , which was written before Island , has ideas that are quite far-fetched, but in Huxleys eyes, still close to reality. Huxleys first portrait of utopia involves having a controlled society of people all being alike. The year is A.F. 632 (After Ford; Ford is the equivalent to God in Brave New World ) and with the available technology, citizens are mass produced. Island is a product of the rethinking of Huxleys utopia. The ideas are a lot more real because the people are just ordinary human beings. Both of these novels have an underlying theme in common. The stability of Huxleys utopian societies are centered around the loss of individualism. Individuals are considered a threat in Huxleys utopian novels. In the novel Island, the utopian society is on a small island, named Pala. The leader of the utopian society, Murugan, is an individual apart from the community. His plans are to modernize and charge the way the people of Pala live. The reason he has thoughts that are different from the rest of the community is that he was raised outs ide of Pala. He grew up in Switzerland and the neighboring island Rendag, both of which have been modernized and corrupted by the outside world. Therefore, Murugans mind has been corrupted by his staying in those two places. Pala is thus threatened by the outside world, explains critic Frank Magill, because Murugan is introducing the modern way of life to this small island and it is damaging the stability of the community. Rendag was once the same as Pala but since it has ports for ships to embark, it was exposed to the outside world much more quickly. Pala has no ports so it was safe from the invasions of the Arabs, Portuguese, Dutch and English, which Pendag fell victim to. There are five times types of people made in Brave New World. Alphas, Betas, Deltas, Gamma, and Epsilons. Bernard Marx, the main character of Brave New World is an Alpha. Alphas are supposed to be the smartest, most well-built, most intellectual, and well-conditioned of all the five of the groups made. Yet Bern ard speaks with individualistic ideas that are unheard of in this society molded around the loss of being a unique person. Bernards friend, Helmholtz Watson is also one who threatens the utopia of Brave New World. Huxley explains the friendship of the two men: What the two men shared was the knowledge that they were individuals. They are the only characters which openly discuss their personal ideas. Ideas that in a sense are considered sinful in their society. In the end Bernard and Helmholtz are ejected from society by being shipped off to some foreign island so that they will finally be free to expose their individualism. Through mass production of people, individualism is lost. In Brave New World, all of the people are products of mass production. Racks upon racks of numbered test tubes.#, p. 5 is the only way to describe them before their actual birth. They have no family to give them a background different from anyone elses. They all come from the same green bottles. Even when they are born, all they are given is a name chosen out of a .uda4169c302949fa48114ab01fb52ee73 , .uda4169c302949fa48114ab01fb52ee73 .postImageUrl , .uda4169c302949fa48114ab01fb52ee73 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uda4169c302949fa48114ab01fb52ee73 , .uda4169c302949fa48114ab01fb52ee73:hover , .uda4169c302949fa48114ab01fb52ee73:visited , .uda4169c302949fa48114ab01fb52ee73:active { border:0!important; } .uda4169c302949fa48114ab01fb52ee73 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uda4169c302949fa48114ab01fb52ee73 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uda4169c302949fa48114ab01fb52ee73:active , .uda4169c302949fa48114ab01fb52ee73:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uda4169c302949fa48114ab01fb52ee73 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uda4169c302949fa48114ab01fb52ee73 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uda4169c302949fa48114ab01fb52ee73 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uda4169c302949fa48114ab01fb52ee73 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uda4169c302949fa48114ab01fb52ee73:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uda4169c302949fa48114ab01fb52ee73 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uda4169c302949fa48114ab01fb52ee73 .uda4169c302949fa48114ab01fb52ee73-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uda4169c302949fa48114ab01fb52ee73:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Architecture as a Means of Upliftment in South Africa Essay